Board
Board
01.- Introducing (4) 03.- Present – Past Continuous (1) 05.- Simple Present – Past (1) 10.- Conditionals (1) 13.- Phrasal Verbs – Modal verbs (3) Andymcdreamy (1) Artificial Intelligence (2) B1 (1) Bitcoin (2) Blockchain (2) Celestia (1) Conversation Skills (29) Corporate Training (26) ESG (11) Finance (1) Grammar (33) Job Interviews (3) Magic Text (1) Metaphysics (3) Photography (7) StarCraft (8) Starseeds (2) Sustainability (11)
Main Board – (download English Guide)
🌟 Mini Overview: Main Auxiliary Verbs — To Be, To Do, To Have
In English, three main auxiliary verbs are used to build sentences, form questions, create negatives, and make different tenses.
They are: to be, to do, and to have.
Each of them has different forms and important roles.
🔹 To Be
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Forms | am, is, are, was, were, being, been |
| Main Uses | – To form continuous (progressive) tenses – To create passive voice – To link subject and complement |
| Examples | She is studying English. The cake was made yesterday. He is a doctor. |
🔹 To Do
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Forms | do, does, did |
| Main Uses | – To form questions – To form negatives – To add emphasis |
| Examples | Do you like pizza? She does not play soccer. I do want to go! |
🔹 To Have
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Forms | have, has, had |
| Main Uses | – To form perfect tenses – To express possession (sometimes as a main verb) |
| Examples | They have finished the project. We had seen that movie before. I have a new bike. |
🚀 Quick Summary Table
| Auxiliary | Forms | Main Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| To Be | am, is, are, was, were, being, been | Continuous tenses, Passive voice, Linking verb | She is running. |
| To Do | do, does, did | Questions, Negatives, Emphasis | Did you call her? |
| To Have | have, has, had | Perfect tenses, Possession | I have finished my work. |
🌟 Final Thought:
To Be, To Do, and To Have are the building blocks of English grammar.
Without them, it would be impossible to form basic sentences, ask questions, express time, or show completion!
Mastering these three gives you the power to express almost anything in English! 🚀✨
| Auxiliary | Main Forms | Main Uses |
|---|
| To Be | am, is, are, was, were, being, been | Continuous tenses, Passive voice, Link subject and complement |
| To Do | do, does, did | Questions, Negatives, Emphasis |
| To Have | have, has, had | Perfect tenses, Possession |
🌟 Mini Overview: Regular Verbs
Regular verbs are verbs that form their past tense and past participle by simply adding -ed (or just -d if the verb already ends in “e”).
They follow a consistent and predictable rule — easy to learn and use!
Example:
- work → worked
- love → loved
🔹 How to Form Regular Verbs:
| Ending Situation | Rule | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Verb ends in most consonants | Add -ed | play → played |
| Verb ends in -e | Add only -d | love → loved |
| Verb ends in consonant + y | Change y to i and add -ed | study → studied |
| Short vowel + consonant (CVC) | Double the consonant + -ed | stop → stopped |
🔹 Common Examples:
| Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| work | worked | worked | I worked late yesterday. |
| study | studied | studied | She studied for the exam. |
| call | called | called | He called his mother. |
| live | lived | lived | We have lived here for years. |
| close | closed | closed | They closed the shop early. |
| open | opened | opened | The store opened at 9 AM. |
🔹 Pronunciation of -ed Endings:
| Sound | Ending Examples |
|---|---|
| /t/ | worked, helped, watched |
| /d/ | played, called, lived |
| /ɪd/ | wanted, needed, decided |
➡️ Pro Tip:
- If the verb ends in t or d sounds, pronounce -ed as /ɪd/.
- Otherwise, it sounds like /t/ or /d/.
🚀 Quick Tip:
🔹 Regular verbs = easy formula + careful pronunciation.
🔹 Practicing pronunciation is important because native speakers hear the difference clearly!
🎯 Quick Regular Verbs Cheat Sheet:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| How to form | Add -ed or -d |
| Special cases | -y changes to -ied, double final consonant sometimes |
| Importance | Essential for building the past and perfect tenses easily |
| Pronunciation | Watch for /t/, /d/, /ɪd/ sounds |
🌟 Final Thought:
Mastering regular verbs gives you instant access to thousands of English sentences.
They are the foundation for daily communication, storytelling, and describing actions clearly! ✨
🌟 Mini Overview: Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the regular “-ed” pattern when forming the past tense or past participle.
Instead, they change completely, partially, or stay the same — you have to memorize them! 🧠✨
Example:
- Regular verb: work → worked
- Irregular verb: go → went → gone
🔹 Why Irregular Verbs Matter:
- They are very common — you use them every day!
- They are essential for correct past tenses (past simple, present perfect, etc.).
Without mastering them, it’s impossible to speak English fluently and correctly! 🚀
🔹 Examples of Common Irregular Verbs:
| Base Form | Past Simple | Past Participle | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone | She has gone to the market. |
| eat | ate | eaten | I have eaten breakfast. |
| see | saw | seen | We saw a movie yesterday. |
| take | took | taken | He has taken my book. |
| come | came | come | They have come to visit. |
| get | got | gotten (US) / got (UK) | She has gotten better at math. |
| give | gave | given | I have given him a gift. |
| begin | began | begun | The show has begun. |
| find | found | found | I found my keys. |
| drink | drank | drunk | He has drunk all the water. |
🔹 Key Characteristics:
- Irregular verbs must be memorized — there is no universal rule.
- Some irregular verbs are the same in all three forms:
➔ put → put → put
➔ cut → cut → cut - Some change a little:
➔ buy → bought → bought - Some change completely:
➔ go → went → gone
🚀 Quick Tip:
Learn irregular verbs in groups (by sound patterns or categories) and use them in real sentences to remember faster!
Example group by sound:
- sing → sang → sung
- drink → drank → drunk
- swim → swam → swum
🎵 (They even sound musical!)
🎯 Quick Irregular Verbs Patterns:
| Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| No Change | put, cut, let |
| Vowel Change | sing → sang → sung |
| -d / -t Ending | build → built → built |
🌟 Final Thought:
Mastering irregular verbs is like learning secret magic words in English —
It opens the door to telling stories, describing your past, and sounding natural and fluent! ✨
🌟 Mini Overview: Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are special auxiliary verbs that express possibility, ability, necessity, permission, or obligation.
They modify the meaning of the main verb and add shades of mood or attitude.
They are always followed by the base form of a verb (without “to”) and never change form (no -s, -ed, or -ing).
🔹 Common Modal Verbs:
| Modal | Main Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Can | Ability / Permission | I can swim. / Can I leave early? |
| Could | Past ability / Polite request | She could run fast. / Could you help me? |
| May | Permission / Possibility | May I come in? / It may rain today. |
| Might | Small possibility | We might be late. |
| Shall | Suggestion / Future (formal) | Shall we go? / I shall return. |
| Should | Advice / Expectation | You should study more. |
| Will | Future intention / Promise | I will call you tomorrow. |
| Would | Polite request / Hypothetical situations | Would you like coffee? / I would travel if I had money. |
| Must | Obligation / Strong necessity | You must wear a seatbelt. |
| Ought to | Advice / Moral duty | You ought to apologize. |
🔹 Key Characteristics:
- They do not add -s for third person singular:
➔ She can dance. (Not cans) - They are immediately followed by the base form of the verb:
➔ He should study. (Not should studies) - Some modals have semi-modals or similar expressions:
- have to (similar to must)
- be able to (similar to can)
🚀 Quick Tip:
Modal verbs are incredibly powerful because they allow speakers to express nuance —
like certainty, doubt, permission, and obligation — with just one small word!
🎯 Quick Modal Cheat Sheet:
| Modal | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Can / Could | Ability, possibility | I can dance. |
| May / Might | Permission, possibility | It may snow. |
| Shall / Should | Suggestion, advice | Shall we start? |
| Will / Would | Future, polite request | Will you help me? |
| Must / Ought to | Necessity, moral obligation | You must stop. |
🌟 Summary:
Modal verbs = tiny but powerful tools for expressing feelings, attitudes, and realities about actions!
Master them and you’ll sound much more natural and nuanced in English. ✨
Would you also like me to prepare a “Modal Verbs Quick Practice” sheet? 📜
(like 10 example sentences with blanks for students to complete — ready for class or personal study)
If yes, just say “modal practice!” 🚀🎸
🌟 Mini Overview: Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb + a particle (preposition or adverb) that create a meaning different from the original verb.
They are essential for natural, fluent English — especially in conversation!
Example:
- look (to see)
- look after (to take care of someone)
Very different, right? 😎
🔹 Structure:
| Type | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Verb + Preposition | look after | Take care of |
| Verb + Adverb | give up | Quit |
| Verb + Adverb + Preposition | put up with | Tolerate |
🔹 Why Phrasal Verbs Are Important:
- They make English more natural and expressive.
- They often replace more formal words. ➔ “Investigate” becomes “look into”.
➔ “Cancel” becomes “call off”.
🔹 Common Examples:
| Phrasal Verb | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| give up | Stop trying | Don’t give up on your dreams! |
| look after | Take care of | She looks after her little brother. |
| bring up | Mention a topic | He brought up an interesting idea. |
| turn down | Refuse | They turned down the job offer. |
| get along | Have a good relationship | We get along very well. |
| pick up | Collect someone/something | Can you pick up the kids from school? |
| put off | Postpone | Let’s put off the meeting until tomorrow. |
| run out of | Have no more of something | We ran out of milk. |
🔹 Important Notes:
- Some are separable:
➔ Pick up the book.
➔ Pick the book up. - Some are inseparable:
➔ Look after your dog. (You cannot say Look your dog after.) - Meaning is often idiomatic — you can’t always guess it just by knowing the verb and the particle!
🚀 Quick Tip:
Learning phrasal verbs in groups (by theme: travel, business, emotions) makes it easier to remember and use them naturally! ✨
🎯 Quick Summary Table:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Definition | Verb + preposition/adverb that changes meaning |
| Importance | Essential for fluent, natural English |
| Challenge | Meaning is often not literal |
| Strategy | Learn in context and groups |
🌟 Final Thought:
Mastering phrasal verbs is like unlocking secret levels in English.
You’ll sound way more fluent, casual, and confident! 🔥
🌟 Mini Overview: Gerunds and Infinitives
In English, some verbs are followed by a gerund (-ing form), some by an infinitive (to + verb), and a few can be followed by either without a change in meaning.
Understanding these patterns is essential for building correct and natural sentences.
🔹 Verbs Followed by a Gerund
These verbs must be followed by a gerund (verb + ing).
| Examples |
|---|
| admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, complete |
| consider, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy |
| finish, imagine, keep, mention, mind |
| miss, practice, quit, recommend, suggest |
Example Sentences:
- She enjoys reading before bed.
- I avoided talking to him.
🔹 Verbs Followed by an Infinitive
These verbs must be followed by an infinitive (to + verb).
| Examples |
|---|
| afford, agree, appear, ask, decide |
| expect, hope, intend, learn, mean |
| need, offer, plan, prepare, promise |
| refuse, seem, volunteer, wait, want |
Example Sentences:
- They decided to leave early.
- I hope to travel this summer.
🔹 Verbs Followed by a Gerund or Infinitive (No Meaning Change)
Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, without changing the meaning.
| Examples |
|---|
| begin, continue, hate, like, love, prefer, start |
Example Sentences:
- I like swimming.
- I like to swim.
(Both are correct!)
🚀 Quick Tip:
🔹 Gerund = action as a general idea (reading, studying).
🔹 Infinitive = focus on the specific action or goal (to read, to study).
Practice and exposure will help you remember which verbs go with which form naturally! ✨
🌟 Final Thought:
Mastering gerunds and infinitives unlocks a more fluent, flexible, and natural way of expressing yourself in English! 🚀
01.- Introducing (4) 03.- Present – Past Continuous (1) 05.- Simple Present – Past (1) 10.- Conditionals (1) 13.- Phrasal Verbs – Modal verbs (3) Andymcdreamy (1) Artificial Intelligence (2) B1 (1) Bitcoin (2) Blockchain (2) Celestia (1) Conversation Skills (29) Corporate Training (26) ESG (11) Finance (1) Grammar (33) Job Interviews (3) Magic Text (1) Metaphysics (3) Photography (7) StarCraft (8) Starseeds (2) Sustainability (11)